SAVANA.EO

plant medice thai

2007-10-09T22:44:00.000+07:00

Thailand tropical plants: edible plants and medicinal plants of southern Thailand

All PaddleAsia tours are educational. We now offer special interest tours. Out latest adventure is our hardcore Tarutao Survivor package. The tropical forests of Thailand offer a wide array of useful edible and medicinal plants. Rural villagers still utilize this bounty. Here is a brief selection of the many plants available.

Edible Plants & Medicinal Plants

Cashews

Though not actually an indigeonous plant (it's native to the northeast coast of Brazil), the cashew tree has managed to spread all over southern Thailand. The cashew tree offers several opportunities for food. First, the young leaves and shoots are edible. They don't taste very good raw, but if you take a bite with rice, it adds a unique new flavor. There is a fruit on the cashew tree too. It is also edible. This succulent fruit is often tossed aside as the nut is so valuable. In a survival situation, the fruit is a good source of vitamin C. This tropical fruit also contains calcium, phosphorous and iron.

Bauhinia

The young shoots and leave of this climbing plant are used in soups and curries. It is also a medicinal plant. The bark is used to soothes mucus membranes and it's a cure for dysentery.

The fiberous bark can be used to make rope.

Colubrina (Colubrina Asiatica)

This bush grows in secondary growth areas as well as along coastlines. The seeds are buoyant and they tolerate salt quite well.

Locals cook it on top of steamed fish. This versatile tropical plant can be used for food, medicine, as a fish poison and as a soap substitute. It's sometimes called the latherleaf as it creates a lather when rubbed vigorously.

Otaheite Gooseberry (Euphorbiaceae)

Though this small tree most likely originated in Madagascar, it is found all over southern Thailand. The fruit is very sour. The seeds make it difficult to eat, yet some villagers make a chutney out of it. The young leaves are also edible.

This tropical fruit contains calcium, phosphorous, iron and vitamin C.

Emblic (Euphorbiaceae)

The fruit of this euphorb looks similar to the Gooseberry and it's also sour. But this fruit offers a lot of medicinal value. It is a laxative, an astringent, it's hemostatic, it cleans the intestines, it's an aphrodisiac of sorts and it contains a lot of vitamin C.

Kapok or Cotton Tree

The flowers of this useful tree are edible. They are used in curries for flavor and to add some color.

The roots are used as a diuretic and as a skin softener. The bark is useful for treating diarrhea and dysentery.

The sap (resin) can stop bleeding (Thai tobacco is also very good at stopping bleeding).

The flowers help sooth burns.

And finally, the seed pod is excellent stuffing for making mattresses and pillows. Kapok trees are common all over Thailand and southern Laos.

Lead Tree

This small tree is a relative of both the peanut family (leguminosae) and the Mimosa family (Minosoideae). It's very common throughout southern Thailand.

The shoots and young leaves are edible. They are often eaten raw with chilli paste.

If not cooked however, the tannic acid can be a bit strong. In fact, this plant used to be used to treat leather... so if the chillies don't upset your stomach, the acid will.

The Sacred Lotus

This important plant in Thai religion also offers a popular snack food. The seeds are eaten raw or made into sweets in the form of cakes, candies and syrups. The young leaves are edible as are the roots.

Nitta Tree

This tree that is common in the tropical jungles of southern Thailand comes into seed in the early summer. It's called Sataw in Thai. When they're ready, Thais from all walks of life crave them despite the fact that they give you very bad breath.

The young leaves are edible, but it's the seeds that the Thais really desire. They dip the raw or roasted seeds chillie paste and they cook them in curries, especially in spicy pork curry.

Pepper (Piperaceae)

This pepper family leaf grows close to the ground. A popular Thai snack called miang kam utilized these leaves. You take a leaf, form it into a sort of bowl-shape, then sprinkle with roasted coconut, ginger, small purple onions, a sweet syrup, peanuts and, of course, chillies. Each crunchy bite is a burst of different flavors.

The entire plant helps you expel gas and the roots and fruit cure dysentery. If you've got a toothache, crush the roots and leaves, then sprinkle on some salt.

Spider Flower

This common weed is found in secondary growth areas. The entire plant, exept the roots, are edible.

This plant has a lot of medicinal properties such as treating snake and scorpion bites। The roots are a stimulant, yet they help cool the body. The flowers are a dissinfectant. The seeds help get rid of tapeworms. And finally, the seeds and leaves are useful as a skin softener. for paddleasia.com

Agro Tren Expo 25 Okt-7 november 2007

2007-10-06T21:25:00.000+07:00

IKUTI DAN SAKSIKAN

" AGRO TREN EXPO"

25 OKT -7 NOVEMBER 2007

SRI RATU MEGA CENTRE
PEKALONGAN

ACARA: 4 NOVEMBER SANSIVIERIA CONTES biaya: Rp. 40.000
ANTHURIUM CONTES

pengundian doorprize pengunjung
harga stan: Rp. 600.000 ukuran 3X4 M
CP: mugeni: 08157997645

2007-09-29T12:05:00.000+07:00

Nepenthes - the Monkey Cups

	TRAP TYPE: Pitfall Trap Currently 90 listed species (click here) occupying tropical habitats in Australia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, the Seychelles, Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. Nepenthes, a native of Southeast Asia and Australia, forms pitchers (cups) that hang from trees. Its pitcher is similar to that of the North American pitcher plant in that it relies on a pool of water to trap its prey. It has a most unusual leaf that first looks like a normal leaf, then develops a tendril at its tip, and finally the tip of the tendril develops an amazing pitcher. It gains support by twining the tendril around another plant. The trap, like our own pitcher plant, lures its prey into the pitfall trap by a combination of decaying odors and sometimes a red coloration. As the pitcher develops, it swells and droops due to its weight. As it matures, it suddenly begins inflates with air. Once inflated it begins to fill with liquid, then opens, revealing the enticing interior. The top of the trap has a lid that initially covers the pitcher until growth is complete. When the leaf is fully grown, the lid opens and the trap is ready. They attract insects with the odor of nectar. Once inside, the insect finds it cannot get a grip on the walls of the pitcher because a flaky wax on the interior surface peels off as it struggles to climb. Eventually, it falls into the water and struggles to escape. The motion caused by the struggle stimulates digestive glands to release a digestive acid. This acid is so strong that a midge will disappear within hours. The largest of these, the Rajah pitcher, is able to digest mice! Like our own pitcher plant, this one too has its live inhabitants, the largest of which is a small crab. Insect larvae feed on the decaying remains of prey. Others live in the upper levels and dip down occasionally to seize one of the larval inhabitants. In one case, the plant provides a chamber in its stem where ants live. The ants venture to the pitchers, grab some of the decaying prey, and sit on the lip of the pitcher to dismember it. As they break apart the body, pieces fall back into the pitcher's awaiting pool, where the now smaller fragments decay more quickly than would a whole insect. As you can see, this page is being developed. There are currently 91 listed species of Nepenthes.

	Ca. 90 Listed Species: N. adnata Tamin & Hotta ex Schlauer, 1994 \| N. alata Blanco, 1837 \| N. albo-marginata Lobb ex Lindl., 1849 \| N. ampullaria Jack, 1823 \| N. anamensis Macfarlane, 1908 \| N. argentii M.Jebb & Cheek, 1997 \| N. aristolochioides M.Jebb & Cheek, 1997 \| N. bellii Kondo, 1969 \| N. benstonei C.Clarke, 1999 \| N. bicalcarata Hook.f., 1998 \| N. bongso Korth. \| N. boschiana Korth. \| N. burbidgeae Hook.f. ex Burb., 1882 \| N. campanulata Sh.Kurata, 1973 \| N. clipeata Danser, 1928 \| N. danseri M.Jebb & Cheek, 1997 \| N. deaniana Macfarlane, 1908 \| N. densiflora Danser, 1940 \| N. diatas M.Jebb & Cheek \| N. distillatoria L., 1753 \| N. dubia Danser, 1928 \| N. edwardsiana Low ex Hook.f., 1851 \| N. ephippiata Danser, 1928 \| N. eustachya Miq. \| N. eymae Sh.Kurata, 1984 \| N. faizaliana J.H.Adam & C.C.Wilcock, 1991 \| N. fallax G.Beck, 1895 \| N. fusca Danser, 1928 \| N. glabrata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton, 1984 \| N. gracilis Korth. \| N. gracillima Ridl., 1908 \| N. gymnamphora Reinw. ex Nees, 1824 \| N. hamata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton, 1984 \| N. hirsuta Hook.f. \| N. inermis Danser, 1928 \| N. insignis Danser, 1928 \| N. izumiae T.Davis, C.Clarke, & Tamin, 2003 \| N. jacquelineae C.Clarke, T.Davis & Tamin, 2001 \| N. khasiana Hook.f. \| N. klossii Ridl., 1916 \| N. lamii M.Jebb & Cheek, 1997 \| N. lavicola A.Wistuba & Rischer, 1996 \| N. longifolia L.Nerz & A.Wistuba, 1994 \| N. lowii Hook.f., 1859 \| N. macfarlanei Hemsl., 1905 \| N. macrophylla (Marabini) M.Jebb & Cheek, 1997 \| N. macrovulgaris J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton, 1988 \| N. madagascariensis Poir. \| N. mapuluensis J.H.Adam & C.C.Wilcock, 1990 \| N. masoalensis R.Schmid-Hollinger, 1977 \| N. maxima Reinw., 1824 \| N. merrilliana Macfarlane, 1911 \| N. mikei B.R.Salmon & R.G.Maulder, 1995 \| N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata \| N. mira M.Jebb & Cheek, 1998 \| N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce \| N. mollis Danser, 1928 \| N. muluensis Hotta, 1966 \| N. neoguineensis Macfarlane, 1910 \| N. northiana Hook.f., 1881 \| N. ovata J.Nerz & A.Wistuba, 1994 \| N. paniculata Danser, 1928 \| N. papuana Danser, 1928 \| N. pervillei Blume \| N. petiolata Danser, 1928 \| N. philippinensis Macfarlane, 1908 \| N. pilosa Danser, 1928 \| N. platychila C.C.Lee, 2002 \| N. pyriformis Sh.Kurata \| N. rafflesiana Jack, 1823 \| N. rajah Hook.f., 1859 \| N. reinwardtiana Miq. \| N. rhombicaulis Sh.Kurata, 1973 \| N. sanguinea Lindl., 1849 \| N. sibuyanensis J.Nerz, 1998 \| N. singalana Becc., 1886 \| N. spathulata Danser, 1935 \| N. spectabilis Danser, 1928 \| N. stenophylla Mast., 1890 \| N. talangensis J.Nerz & A.Wistuba, 1994 \| N. tentaculata Hook.f. \| N. tenuis J.Nerz & A.Wistuba, 1994 \| N. thorelii Lecomte, 1909 \| N. tobaica Danser, 1928 \| N. tomoriana Danser, 1928 \| N. treubiana Warb., 1891 \| N. truncata Macfarlane, 1911 \| N. veitchii Hook.f., 1859 \| N. ventricosa Blanco \| N. vieillardii Hook.f. \| N. villosa Hook. \| N. vogelii Schuit. & de Vogel, 2002

PLANT

2007-09-29T11:53:00.000+07:00

Plant

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For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation).

Plants
Fossil range: Cambrian to recent, but see text

Scientific classification

Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked)	Archaeplastida
Kingdom:	Plantae Haeckel, 1866

Divisions

Green algae

Land plants (embryophytes)

Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
- Marchantiophyta—liverworts
- Anthocerotophyta—hornworts
- Bryophyta—mosses
- †Horneophytopsida
Vascular plants (tracheophytes)
- †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes
- †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls
- Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses
- †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes
- Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails
- †Progymnospermophyta
- Seed plants (spermatophytes)
  - †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns
  - Pinophyta—conifers
  - Cycadophyta—cycads
  - Ginkgophyta—ginkgo
  - Gnetophyta—gnetae
  - Magnoliophyta—flowering plants

† Nematophytes

Plants are a major group of life forms and include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. About 350,000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, are estimated to exist currently. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been identified, of which 258,650 are flowering and 15,000 bryophytes. Green plants, sometimes called metaphytes, obtain most of their energy from sunlight via a process called photosynthesis.

Definition

Aristotle divided all living things between plants (which generally do not move), and animals (which often are mobile to catch their food). In Linnaeus' system, these became the Kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Metaphyta or Plantae) and Animalia (also called Metazoa). Since then, it has become clear that the Plantae as originally defined included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and several groups of algae were removed to new kingdoms. However, these are still often considered plants in many contexts, both technical and popular. Indeed, an attempt to perfectly match "plant" with a single taxon is problematic, because for most people the term "plant" is only vaguely related to the phylogenic concepts on which modern taxonomy and systematics are based.

When the name Plantae is applied to a specific taxon, it is usually referring to one of three concepts. From smallest to largest in inclusiveness, these three groupings are:

Land plants, also known as Embryophyta or Metaphyta. As the narrowest of plant categories, this is further delineated below.
Green plants -- also known as Viridiplantae, Viridiphyta or Chlorobionta -- comprise the above Embryophytes, Charophyta (i.e., primitive stoneworts), and Chlorophyta (i.e., green algae such as sea lettuce). It is this clade which is mainly the subject of this article.
Primoplantae -- also known as Plantae sensu lato, Plastida, or Archaeplastida -- comprises the green plants above, Rhodophyta (red algae) and Glaucophyta (simple glaucophyte algae). As the broadest plant clade, this comprises most of the eukaryotes that eons ago acquired their chloroplasts directly by engulfing cyanobacteria.

Informally, other creatures that carry out photosynthesis are called plants as well, but they do not constitute a formal taxon and represent species that are not closely related to true plants. There are around about 375,000 species (types) of plants, and each year more are found and described by science.

Algae

Green algae from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904.

Main article: Algae

The algae comprise several different groups of organisms that produce energy through photosynthesis. However, most are not classified within the Kingdom Plantae but in the Kingdom Protista. Most conspicuous are the seaweeds, multicellular algae that may roughly resemble terrestrial plants, but are classified among the green, red, and brown algae. These and other algal groups also include various single-celled organisms.

The embryophytes developed from green algae (Chlorophyta); the two groups are collectively referred to as the green plants or Viridiplantae. The Kingdom Plantae is often taken to mean this monophyletic grouping. With a few exceptions among the green algae, all such forms have cell walls containing cellulose and chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, and store food in the form of starch. They undergo closed mitosis without centrioles, and typically have mitochondria with flat cristae.

The chloroplasts of green plants are surrounded by two membranes, suggesting they originated directly from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. The same is true of the red algae, and the two groups are generally believed to have a common origin (see Archaeplastida). In contrast, most other algae have chloroplasts with three or four membranes. They are not close relatives of the green plants, presumably in origin acquiring chloroplasts separately from ingested or symbiotic green and red algae.

Fungi

Main article: Fungi

Fungi are no longer considered to be plants, though they were previously included in the plant kingdom. Unlike embryophytes and algae, fungi are not photosynthetic, but are saprotrophs: obtaining food by breaking down and absorbing surrounding materials. Fungi are not plants, but were historically treated as closely related to plants, and were considered to be in the purview of botanists. It has long been recognized that fungi are evolutionarily closer to animals than to plants, but they still are covered more in depth in introductory botany courses and are not necessarily touched upon in introductory zoology courses. Most fungi are formed by microscopic structures called hyphae, which may or may not be divided into cells but contain eukaryotic nuclei. Fruiting bodies, of which mushrooms are most familiar, are the reproductive structures of fungi. They are not related to any of the photosynthetic groups, but are close relatives of animals. Therefore, the fungi are in a kingdom of their own.

Diversity

About 350,000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, are estimated to exist currently. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been identified, of which 258,650 are flowering plants, 16,000 bryophytes, 11,000 ferns and 8,000 green algae.

**Diversity of living plant divisions**
Informal group	Division name	Common name	No. of living species
Green algae	Chlorophyta	green algae (chlorophytes)	3,800 ^[1]
Green algae	Charophyta	green algae (desmids & charophytes)	4,000 - 6,000 ^[2]
Bryophytes	Marchantiophyta	liverworts	6,000 - 8,000 ^[3]
	Anthocerotophyta	hornworts	100 - 200 ^[4]
	Bryophyta	mosses	10,000 ^[5]
Pteridophytes	Lycopodiophyta	club mosses	1,200 ^[6]
Pteridophytes	Pteridophyta	ferns, whisk ferns & horsetails	11,000 ^[6]
Seed plants	Cycadophyta	cycads	160 ^[7]
	Ginkgophyta	ginkgo	1 ^[8]
	Pinophyta	conifers	630 ^[6]
	Gnetophyta	gnetophytes	70 ^[6]
	Magnoliophyta	flowering plants	258,650 ^[9]

Phylogeny

A proposed phylogeny of the Plantae after Kenrick and Crane^[10] is as follows, with modification to the Pteridophyta from Smith et al.^[11] The Prasinophyceae may be a paraphyletic basal group to all green plants.

Prasinophyceae (micromonads)

Streptobionta

Embryophytes

Stomatophytes

Polysporangiates

Tracheophytes

Eutracheophytes

Euphyllophytina

Lignophytia

	Spermatophytes (seed plants)

	Progymnospermophyta †

Pteridophyta

	Pteridopsida (true ferns)

	Marattiopsida

	Equisetopsida (horsetails)

	Psilotopsida (whisk ferns & adders'-tongues)

	Cladoxylopsida †

Lycophytina

	Lycopodiophyta

	Zosterophyllophyta †

Rhyniophyta †

Aglaophyton †

Horneophytopsida †

Bryophyta (mosses)

Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)

Marchantiophyta (liverworts)

Charophyta

Chlorophyta

	Trebouxiophyceae (Pleurastrophyceae)

	Chlorophyceae

Ulvophyceae

Embryophytes

Main article: Embryophyte

Dicksonia antarctica, a species of tree fern.

Most familiar are the multicellular land plants, called embryophytes. They include the vascular plants, plants with full systems of leaves, stems, and roots. They also include a few of their close relatives, often called bryophytes, of which mosses and liverworts are the most common.

All of these plants have eukaryotic cells with cell walls composed of cellulose, and most obtain their energy through photosynthesis, using light and carbon dioxide to synthesize food. About three hundred plant species do not photosynthesize but are parasites on other species of photosynthetic plants. Plants are distinguished from green algae, which represent a mode of photosynthetic life similar to the kind modern plants are believed to have evolved from, by having specialized reproductive organs protected by non-reproductive tissues.

Bryophytes first appeared during the early Palaeozoic. They can only survive where moisture is available for significant periods, although some species are desiccation tolerant. Most species of bryophyte remain small throughout their life-cycle. This involves an alternation between two generations: a haploid stage, called the gametophyte, and a diploid stage, called the sporophyte. The sporophyte is short-lived and remains dependent on its parent gametophyte.

Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different land environments. They have a number of adaptations that allowed them to overcome the limitations of the bryophytes. These include a cuticle resistant to desiccation, and vascular tissues which transport water throughout the organism. In most the sporophyte acts as a separate individual, while the gametophyte remains small.

The first primitive seed plants, Pteridosperms (seed ferns) and Cordaites, both groups now extinct, appeared in the late Devonian and diversified through the Carboniferous, with further evolution through the Permian and Triassic periods. In these the gametophyte stage is completely reduced, and the sporophyte begins life inside an enclosure called a seed, which develops while on the parent plant, and with fertilisation by means of pollen grains. Whereas other vascular plants, such as ferns, reproduce by means of spores and so need moisture to develop, some seed plants can survive and reproduce in extremely arid conditions.

Early seed plants are referred to as gymnosperms (naked seeds), as the seed embryo is not enclosed in a protective structure at pollination, with the pollen landing directly on the embryo. Four surviving groups remain widespread now, particularly the conifers, which are dominant trees in several biomes. The angiosperms, comprising the flowering plants, were the last major group of plants to appear, emerging from within the gymnosperms during the Jurassic and diversifying rapidly during the Cretaceous. These differ in that the seed embryo (angiosperm) is enclosed, so the pollen has to grow a tube to penetrate the protective seed coat; they are the predominant group of flora in most biomes today.

bunga bangkai ( rafflesia arnoldi)

2007-09-29T11:50:00.000+07:00

Rafflesia arnoldii

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Rafflesia arnoldii

Rafflesia arnoldii bloom

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Rafflesiaceae
Genus:	Rafflesia
Species:	R. arnoldii

Binomial name

Rafflesia arnoldii
R.Br.

Rafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth. There are some plants with larger flowering organs, the Titan Arum and Talipot palm, but these are technically clusters of many flowers. It occurs only in the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo in the Indonesia Archipelago.

Molecular studies in 2007 have resulted in the final taxonomy of Rafflesia arnoldii which has been assigned to the family of Euphorbiaceae (Davis et al. 2007).

[edit] Description

Several species of Rafflesia grow in the jungles of southeast Asia, including the Philippines. Many of them threatened or endangered. Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest; its flower attains a diameter of nearly a meter (3 ft) and can weigh up to 11 kilograms (24 lb).

It lives as a parasite on the Tetrastigma vine, as its host, which grows only in primary (undisturbed) rainforests. While many parasites appear like normal plants, Rafflesia lacks any observable leaves, stems or even roots. Likened to fungi, Rafflesia individuals grow as thread-like strands of tissue completely embedded within and in intimate contact with surrounding host cells from which nutrients and water are obtained. Perhaps the only part of Rafflesia that is identifiable as distinctly plant-like are the flowers; although, even these are bizarre because they attain massive proportions and are usually reddish-brown and stink of rotting flesh. The flower is pollinated by flies attracted by its scent.

Specimen of Rafflesia arnoldii at the Kyoto Botanical Garden.

Rafflesia arnoldii is rare and fairly hard to locate. It is especially difficult to see in flower; the buds take many months to develop and the flower lasts for just a few days. How many of these strange plants still survive is unknown, but as the remaining primary forests of Borneo and Sumatra disappear, it can only be assumed that their numbers are dwindling. Many are known to be nearing extinction. Some environmentalists are thinking of a way to recreate the species' environment, in an effort to stimulate a recovery in the population of this endangered species. This has proved unsuccessful so far, but the efforts have continued. However, steps are being taken to conserve the forests of Sumatra and Borneo.

Pollination is a rare event due to several factors. The flowers are unisexual and single sites usually produce either male or female flowers. Therefore, in order to have effective pollination, male flowers must be near to, and open at the same time as, the female flowers so that flies can transfer the pollen.

While male and female individuals could be closely spaced, flower bud mortality is 80-90% per site thereby reducing the chance of co-flowering two individuals. Furthermore, the flower lifespan is only 5-7 days. Also, the current population distributions are fragmented due to habitat destruction. So, successful reproduction relies on the unlikely event that a male and female would bloom during the same 5-7 days and that a fly could carry pollen between the often widely separated populations.

phalaenopsis ( anggrek)

2007-09-29T11:48:00.000+07:00

Phalaenopsis

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Phalaenopsis

Closeup of a Phalaenopsis flower

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Liliopsida
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Vandeae
Subtribe:	Aeridinae
Alliance:	Phalaenopsis Blume
Genus:	Phalaenopsis Blume 1825

Type species

Phalaenopsis amabilis
Blume, (1825)

Species

See text.

Phalaenopsis (Blume 1825) is a genus of approximately 60 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae). The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Phal.

[hide]

[edit] Description

The generic name means "Phalaen[a]-like" and is probably a reference to the genus Phalaena, the name given by Carolus Linnaeus to a group of large moths; the flowers of some species supposedly resemble moths in flight. For this reason, the species are sometimes called Moth orchids.

They are native throughout southeast Asia from the Himalayan mountains to the islands of Polillo and Palawan of the Philippines and northern Australia. Orchid Island off Taiwan is named after this orchid. Little is known about their habitat and their ecology in nature since little field research has been done in the last decades.

Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid)

Most are epiphytic shade plants; a few are lithophytes. In the wild they are typically found below the canopies of moist and humid lowland forests, protected against direct sunlight, but equally in seasonally dry or cool environments. The species have adapted individually to these three habitats.

Phalaenopsis shows a monopodial growth habit. An erect growing rhizome produces from the top one or two alternate, thick and fleshy, elliptical leaves a year. The older, basal leaves drop off at the same rate. The plant retains in this way four to five leaves. If very healthy, they can have up to ten or more leaves. They have no pseudobulbs. The raceme appears from the stem between the leaves. They bloom in their full glory for several weeks. If kept in the home, they usually last two to three months, which is considered quite a long time.

Some Phalaenopsis species in Malaysia are known to use subtle weather cues to coordinate mass flowering.

jasminum

2007-09-29T11:46:00.000+07:00

asminum sambac

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Jasminum sambac

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Oleaceae
Genus:	Jasminum
Species:	J. sambac

Binomial name

Jasminum sambac
(L.) Aiton

Jasminum sambac (syn. Nyctanthes sambac) is a species of jasmine native to southern Asia, in India, Philippines, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Common names include Arabian Jasmine, Mogra (Hindi), Kampupot, Melati (Malay and Indonesian Language), Sampaguita (Filipino), Mallepuvvu (Telugu) and Mallipu (Tamil)Kaliyan (Urdu).

It is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to 1-3 m tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, simple (not pinnate, like most other jasmines), ovate, 4-12.5 cm long and 2-7.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters of 3-12 together, strongly scented, with a white corolla 2-3 cm diameter with 5-9 lobes. The flowers open at night, and close in the morning. The fruit is a purple-black berry 1 cm in diameter.

[edit] Cultivation and uses

It is widely grown throughout the tropics as an ornamental plant for its strongly scented flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected, including some with double flowers such as Jasminum sambac or 'Duke of Tuscany'.

It is the national flower of the Philippines, adopted by its government in 1937. In the Philippines, the flowers are gathered and strung into leis, corsages and crowns or its oils distilled and sold in stores, streets, and outside churches. The garlands may be used to welcome guests, or as an offering or adornment in religious altars.

Philippines sampaguita Indonesia melati

Besides the Philippines, it is also the national flower of Indonesia, which was adopted by Indonesian government in 1990 along with Moon Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and Rafflesia arnoldii. In Indonesia, the flower symbolizes purity, eternal love and nobility. It also symbolizes the beauty of a girl. The flower is commonly used in religious or cultural ceremony especially in Java and Bali. It is nicknamed puspa bangsa (nation flower or people flower) by the government.

In Hawaii, the flower is known as "pikake" or "pikaki," and is used to make fragrant leis. In South India, jasmines are strung into thick strands and worn as a hair adornment. In China, the flower is processed and used as the main ingredient in jasmine

orginal indonesia flora

2007-09-29T11:39:00.000+07:00

The origin of flora in Indonesia is heavily affected by geographical and geological events in Asian continent and Australasian continent (now Australia).^[2] The present New Guinea island was connected with the present Australia continent, forming a supercontinent called the southern supercontinent Gondwana. This supercontinent began to break up 140 million years ago, and the New Guinea region (previously known as Sahul) moved towards the equator. As a result, animals from New Guinea traveled to Australian continent and vice versa, creating many different species living in different ecosystems. This activities still occur until the two regions separated completely.

Asian continent influences, on the other hand, is the result of the reformation of the Laurasia supercontinent, which existed after the breakup of Rodinia around 1 billion years ago. Around 200 million years ago, the Laurasia supercontinent split completely, forming Laurentia (now America) and Eurasia continents. Although this occurred, the mainland of the Eurasia continent, including China, was not separated completely from the Indonesian archipelago. As a result, plants from the Eurasia mainland could propagate to the archipelago, and, under a different ecosystems, new forms of species were formed.

In the nineteenth century, Alfred Russel Wallace proposed the idea of the Wallace Line, which is a line that divides Indonesian archipelago into two regions, the Asian biogeographical region (Sundaland) and the Australasia biogeographical Region (Wallacea). The line runs through the Malay Archipelago, between Borneo and Sulawesi (Celebes); and between Bali and Lombok.^[3]

The Indonesian archipelago, home of the Spice Islands, has been known since ancient time as the source of spices, such as clove, nutmeg, and pepper. The Molucca islands were, until the late eighteenth century, the only source of economically significant spices. In the colonial time, clove and nutmeg were the most valuable commodities after gold and silver for the most Europeans. During the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia, the Dutch also created many plantages of coffee, tea and sugar cane, mostly in Java.

Along with the history of Indonesia the sailors from India, China and Europe have brought also new kinds of plant species to this archipelago. Plant species, which are not native to this archipelago, such as tea, coffee and rubber tree are then established. for WIKIPEDIA

SAVANA.EO

plant medice thai

Thailand tropical plants: edible plants and medicinal plants of southern Thailand

Edible Plants & Medicinal Plants

Cashews

Bauhinia

Colubrina (Colubrina Asiatica)

Otaheite Gooseberry (Euphorbiaceae)

Emblic (Euphorbiaceae)

Kapok or Cotton Tree

Lead Tree

The Sacred Lotus

Nitta Tree

Pepper (Piperaceae)

Spider Flower

Agro Tren Expo 25 Okt-7 november 2007

Nepenthes - the Monkey Cups

PLANT

Plant

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

Definition

Algae

Fungi

Diversity

Phylogeny

Embryophytes

bunga bangkai ( rafflesia arnoldi)

Rafflesia arnoldii

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[edit] Description

phalaenopsis ( anggrek)

Phalaenopsis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Description

jasminum

asminum sambac

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[edit] Cultivation and uses

orginal indonesia flora